Since the discovery of JC polyomavirus, the understanding of this virus among the research community has grown considerably. However, JCV remains enigmatic due to the mystery surrounding its dual survival mode, as it is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is a fatal central nervous system disorder. In most individuals, JCV replicates benignly within...
The hepatitis B virus is a potent pathogen capable of inducing chronic infections that lead to multiple liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and particularly primary hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a significant health threat in the Asia-Pacific region. Although currently approved antiviral therapies (including pegylated interferon [IFN] and nucleoside...
In vitro drug metabolism research has the advantage over in vivo studies of minimizing physiological interference, thereby enabling direct assessment of the selective metabolic action of enzymes on substrates. Due to their relatively simple preparation and stability, subcellular models are widely used in in vitro drug metabolism studies. Commonly used subcellular fractions include microsomes,...
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